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Keel Pragma
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Perspectives on risk, governance and AI.

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FEATURED23 October 2026 · 10 min read

Two Mandates, One Missing Interface: Pakistan’s AI Governance Architecture and the Financial Sector

The Digital Nation Pakistan Act 2025 anticipated potential regulatory overlap, required the Pakistan Digital Authority to avoid it, and established a mechanism for resolving conflicts. Yet the operational relationship between PDA's AI governance mandate and the State Bank of Pakistan's supervisory authority remains publicly undefined. Three developments in OctoberOctober 2026 brought three developments relevant to…

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MARKETS AND ECONOMY19 September 2026 · 3 min read

The CRE Stress Test Paradox

The cleanest aggregate capital result in six years was driven not by stronger bank portfolios but by the scenario’s interest rate assumptions. The 2026 severely adverse scenario set a floor for 10-year Treasury yields at 2.3% — nearly triple the 0.8% used in 2024.

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AI CONTROLS6 October 2025 · 4 min read

AI in the Middle East

Key AI developments across the Middle East from 2022 to 2025: sovereign deals, regional models, autonomous mobility and data protection regimes, with scenarios and an operator playbook for the GCC.

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ENTERPRISE RISK3 August 2025 · 2 min read

Why Heat Maps Remain Relevant in ERM

In the evolving field of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), heat maps continue to serve as a prominent visualization tool, aiding organizations in quickly identifying, prioritizing, and communicating risks effectively.

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