INSIGHTS

Perspectives on risk, governance and AI.

FEATURED23 October 2026 · 10 min read

Two Mandates, One Missing Interface: Pakistan’s AI Governance Architecture and the Financial Sector

The Digital Nation Pakistan Act 2025 anticipated potential regulatory overlap, required the Pakistan Digital Authority to avoid it, and established a mechanism for resolving conflicts. Yet the operational relationship between PDA's AI governance mandate and the State Bank of Pakistan's supervisory authority remains publicly undefined. Three developments in OctoberOctober 2026 brought three developments relevant to…

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ENTERPRISE RISK8 October 2026 · 1 min read

Shari’a-Compliant Consumer Lending and Risk Classification

A conceptual white paper on how Murabaha, Ijara and Tawarruq structures affect PD, LGD, EAD and model governance in Shari'a-compliant consumer lending.

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GOVERNANCE16 September 2026 · 7 min read

Why country-level digital authorities need to govern architecture, resilience, data, AI and third-party dependency as one risk system

Governments are digitising identity, taxation, payments, public services, health records, licensing, border systems and increasingly artificial intelligence. The tendency is to treat each initiative as a technology programme. At country level, that is too narrow.

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GOVERNANCE30 August 2025 · 3 min read

CCM in 2025-2027: The Missing Link in Global Risk Assurance

The adoption of Continuous Control Monitoring (CCM) is growing , but it is far from universally implemented — and the pace of integration varies widely by region, industry, and organizational maturity.

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GOVERNANCE10 July 2024 · 4 min read

Why ESG Risks Should be Top of Your Due Diligence Agenda

Regulators increasingly require corporates and financial services firms to incorporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks into their due diligence and reputational risk management processes.

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GOVERNANCE4 May 2020 · 2 min read

An Environment in Control vs. A Controlled Environment

Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve American Bankers Association, during Annual Convention on October 5, 2004 held, “It would be a mistake to conclude that the only way to succeed in banking is through ever-greater size and diversity.

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